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REFERENCES: AC 61-84; FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; POH/AFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a preflight inspection, as applicable to the airplane used for the practical test, by describing-
a. reasons for the preflight inspection, items that should be inspected, and how defects are detected.
b. importance of using the appropriate checklist.
c. how to determine fuel and oil quantity and contamination.
d. detection of fuel, oil, and hydraulic leaks.
e. inspection of the oxygen system, including supply and proper operation (if applicable).
f. inspection of the flight controls and water rudder (if applicable).
g. detection of visible structural damage.
h. removal of tie-downs, control locks, and wheel chocks.
i. removal of ice and frost.
j. importance of the proper loading and securing of baggage, cargo, and equipment.
k. use of sound judgment in determining whether the airplane is airworthy and in condition for safe flight.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a preflight inspection by describing-
a. failure to use or the improper use of checklist.
b. hazards which may result from allowing distractions to interrupt a visual inspection.
c. inability to recognize discrepancies to determine airworthiness.
d. failure to ensure servicing with the proper fuel and oil.
e. failure to ensure proper loading and securing of baggage, cargo, and equipment.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a preflight inspection from an instructional standpoint.
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REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-S-8081-12; POH/AFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of cockpit management by describing-
a. proper arranging and securing of essential materials and equipment in the cockpit.
b. proper use and/or adjustment of cockpit items such as safety belts, shoulder harnesses, rudder pedals, and seats.
c. occupant briefing on emergency procedures and use of safety belts.
d. proper utilization of all resources required to operate a flight safely: dispatchers, weather briefers, maintenance personnel, and air traffic control.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to cockpit management by describing-
a. failure to place and secure essential materials and equipment for easy access during flight.
b. failure to properly adjust cockpit items, such as safety belts, shoulder harnesses, rudder pedals, and seats.
c. failure to provide proper adjustment of equipment and controls.
d. failure to provide occupant briefing on emergency procedures and use of safety belts.
e. failure to utilize all resources required to operate a flight safely.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains cockpit management from an instructional standpoint.
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REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23, FAA-H-8083-25; AC 91-13, AC 91-55; FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; POH/AFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of engine starting, as appropriate to the airplane used for the practical test, by describing-
a. safety precautions related to starting.
b. use of external power.
c. effect of atmospheric conditions on starting.
d. importance of following the appropriate checklist.
e. adjustment of engine controls during start.
f. prevention of airplane movement during and after start.
g. safety procedures for hand propping an airplane.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to engine starting by describing-
a. failure to properly use the appropriate checklist.
b. failure to use safety precautions related to starting.
c. improper adjustment of engine controls during start.
d. failure to assure proper clearance of the propeller.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains engine starting from an instructional standpoint.
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REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3; FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; POH/AFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of landplane taxiing by describing-
a. proper brake check and correct use of brakes.
b. compliance with airport/taxiway surface marking, signals, and ATC clearances or instructions.
c. how to control direction and speed.
d. flight control positioning for various wind conditions.
e. procedures used to avoid other aircraft and hazards.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to landplane taxiing by describing-
a. improper use of brakes.
b. improper positioning of the flight controls for various wind conditions.
c. hazards of taxiing too fast.
d. failure to comply with airport/taxiway surface marking, signals, and ATC clearances or instructions.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains landplane taxiing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to landplane taxiing.
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REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; POH/AFM; USCG Navigation Rules, International-Inland.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of seaplane taxiing by describing-
a. wind effect.
b. prevention of porpoising and skipping.
c. selection of the most suitable course for taxiing, following available marking aids.
d. conditions where idle, plowing, and step taxiing are used.
e. procedures for idle, plowing, and step taxiing.
f. control positioning for various wind conditions.
g. use of water rudders.
h. procedures used to avoid other aircraft and hazards.
i. procedures used to avoid excessive water spray into the propeller.
j. 180° and 360° turns in idle, plowing, and step positions.
k. application of right-of-way rules.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to seaplane taxiing by describing-
a. improper positioning of flight controls for various wind conditions.
b. improper control of speed and direction.
c. failure to prevent porpoising and skipping.
d. failure to use the most suitable course and available marking aids.
e. failure to use proper clearing procedures to avoid hazards.
f. failure to apply right-of-way rules.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains seaplane taxiing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to seaplane taxiing.
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REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; POH/AFM; USCG Navigation Rules, International-Inland.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of sailing by describing-
a. procedures used in sailing (engine idling or shut down, as appropriate).
b. conditions and situations where sailing would be used.
c. selection of the most favorable course to follow.
d. use of flight controls, flaps, doors, and water rudders to follow the selected course.
e. procedures used to change direction from downwind to crosswind.
f. control of speed.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to sailing by describing-
a. failure to select the most favorable course to destination.
b. improper use of controls, flaps, and water rudders.
c. improper procedure when changing direction.
d. improper procedure for speed control.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains sailing from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to sailing.
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REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-23; FAA-S-8081-12, FAA-S-8081-14; POH/AFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the before takeoff check by describing-
a. positioning the airplane with consideration for other aircraft, surface conditions, and wind.
b. division of attention inside and outside the cockpit.
c. importance of following the checklist and responding to each checklist item.
d. reasons for assuring suitable engine temperatures and pressures for run-up and takeoff.
e. method used to determine that airplane is in a safe operating condition.
f. importance of reviewing takeoff performance airspeeds, expected takeoff distances, and emergency procedures.
g. method used for assuring that the takeoff area or path is free of hazards.
h. method of avoiding runway incursions and ensuring no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into takeoff position.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to the before takeoff check by describing-
a. failure to properly use the appropriate checklist.
b. improper positioning of the airplane.
c. improper acceptance of marginal engine performance.
d. an improper check of flight controls.
e. hazards of failure to review takeoff and emergency procedures.
f. failure to avoid runway incursions and to ensure no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into takeoff position.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a before takeoff check from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a before takeoff check.
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